|
A mechanical stoker is a mechanical system that feeds solid fuel like coal, coke or anthracite into the furnace of a steam boiler. They are common on steam locomotives after 1900 and are also used on ships and power stations. Known now as a spreader stoker they remain in use today especially in furnaces fueled by wood pellets or refuse. There are two types, the over feed and the under feed. The over feed delivers coal on to the top of the coals already in the furnace in the manner of a human working a shovel. The under feeder pushes fresh coal into the bottom of the furnace and then advances it upwards so that it mixes with the burning coal above. The mechanical means used are, depending on design, combinations of the screw feed, the conveyor belt, the bucket chain, the paddle and the ram. Steam jets from the boiler or a mechanical catapult may also be used to throw coal into the far reaches of the furnace. 〔(The Elvin Mechanical Stoker ) Modern Steam, Martyn Bane. 2012 . Accessed Sept 2014〕 〔(Locomotive stoker and coal pusher 1944 ) Locomotive Firing Course Notes 1944, Pages 28 to 33 , Richard Leonard's Rail Archive. Accessed Sept 2014〕 〔(Mechanical Stoker ) Source: 1922 Locomotive Cyclopedia of American Practices , Rutland Railroad USRA Mikardo class in 3D , 5 pages. Accessed Sept 2014〕 == Use in steam locomotives == The confined working conditions of a locomotive footplate meant that the earliest development of the stoker took place in this application. Designers sought to maximise power output in the locomotive by feeding coal at a rate faster than a man could shovel. In locomotives the stoker was usually powered by a small steam engine located in the tender which drew its steam from the main boiler. In early designs the coal would still be shovelled by the fireman into a hopper which would feed into a crusher and then a screw or bucket elevator would lift the pulverised coal to a position where it could be mechanically scattered across the burning coals of the furnace by a spreader. The spreader could be jets of steam, mechanical arms, or a fast rotating plate. Later designs also mechanised the retrieval of the coal from the tender using steam ram powered pushers and/or a helical screw. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mechanical stoker」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|